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·Helped runaway slaves in the 1850s19世纪50年代帮助奴隶逃跑
·In 1855 he and five of his sons fought to create a safe area for black people
1855年为了给黑人创造一个安全的环境，他和他的五个儿子共同参加了战斗。
Harriet Tubman哈里特·塔布曼
·Born as a slave in 18201820年出生于奴隶家庭
·Escaped in 18491849年逃跑
·In 1850 a law was made to forbid people to help runaway slaves
1850年通过了禁止帮助奴隶逃跑的法律
·Joined an action group to help runaway slaves in 1850
1850年加入帮助黑人逃跑的行动组织
·Saved more than 300 slaves from 1851 to 1861
1851到1861年间帮助300多个黑奴获得自由
·Fought in the Civil War and rescued more than 750 slaves
参加美国内战并帮助750多个黑奴获得自由
·Active in the womens rights movement after the war
战后积极参加妇女争取权利的运动
·Opened a home for old and poor black people in 1908。
1908年为年老的和贫穷的黑人创办了一所福利院
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1。Put in prison from 1926 till 1989。 从1926到1989年一直坐牢。
put sb。 in prison意为“把……投入监狱，使……坐牢”，（注意prison前面不可加冠词）也可以说throw /cast/ take sb。 in prison。 be in prison表示状态“（正在）坐牢”，come out of prison为“出狱”之意。
The robber has been put into prison。 那个抢劫犯已经被投入监狱。
He told me that he had been in prison。 他告诉我说他曾做过牢。
The prisoner has just come out of prison。 那个囚犯刚刚从监狱里释放出来。
2。In 1850 a law was made to forbid people to help runaway slaves。 1850年通过了禁止帮助奴隶逃跑的法律。
forbid （forbade； forbidden）动词，表示“禁止，不许”之意。常有如下用法：
forbid sb。 to do sth。（禁止某人干某事）；forbid doing sth。（禁止干某事）此用法常用于被动语态。
forbid sb。 sth。（禁止某人某事、某物）；forbid that clause （禁止……）。
The law forbade the workers to march at that time。 当时的法律禁止人们游行。
Smoking was forbidden in the meeting hall。=People forbade smoking in the hall。
大厅里禁止吸烟。
His parents forbid him wine and cigarettes。父母禁止他吸烟和喝酒。
3。Active in the women’s right movement after the war。
战后积极参加妇女争取权利的运动。
active形容词，表示“积极的；活动的；活跃的”之意。名词为activity（活动）。
She is very active。 她非常活跃。
take an active part in或be active in都可以表示“积极地去干……”。
We should take an active part in our work。
我们应该积极地投入到工作中去。
He is active in the activities of the club。他积极地参加俱乐部的活动。
4。John Brown died so that slaves might be set free。 （3 times） 约翰·布朗为了奴隶的解放而死。
set sb。 free表示“释放某人”之意。
At last； all the slaves were set free。
最后，所有的奴隶都获得了解放。
He caught many small fishes but he set them free。
他捉到了许多小鱼，但是又把它们放了。
Unit 14 Freedom fightersI HAVE A DREAM 我有一个梦想
In the summer of 1963 Martin Luther King； Jr gave a speech to thousands of black people who marched on Washington DC； the capital of the USA。 His speech—“I have a dream”—made him famous all over the world。
At that time in the southern states； blacks were not treated as equal citizens。 Although slavery ended in the USA in 1865； almost a hundred years before； the South had its own laws to continue the separation of blacks and whites。 Mixed race marriages were forbidden by law。 There were separate sections for blacks in shops； restaurants； hospitals； and on buses and trains。 Often blacks were not allowed into hotels； schools or libraries at all。 Black children were educated in separate schools； and black people had no right to vote in the southern states。
King fought for political rights for black people in the USA。By doing this he set an example for the rest of the world。 His message was that black people should not be separated but should be treated with respect in the same way as other people。
Born in 1929； King went to university when he was fifteen。 Winning a scholarship gave him the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states； where black people had equal rights and were free to live； study and work as they wished。 All his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights。 He believed that he could achieve that goal by peaceful actions； not by violence。
On December 1； 1955； Rosa Parks； a black woman； got on a bus in Alabama and sat down in the“Whitesonly” section。 She refused to stand up for a white man and was arrested by the police。 King led a boycott of the bus company。 For 381 days； black people refused to take the city buses。 In the end the government lawyers in the capital said that the bus company was wrong to separate blacks from whites。
Winning this case gave King national attention。 He led many nonviolent demonstrations against racial discrimination and the Vietnam War during which he himself was often beaten or arrested by the police。 One of these was in Birmingham； Alabama。 Housing conditions for blacks in Birmingham were bad and there were few jobs for blacks。 King wrote an important letter from prison。“We have waited 340 years for our rights！ We find it difficult to wait。 This ‘wait has almost always meant‘Never’；” he said。
It was during the“March on Washington DC” in 1963 that he gave the speech“I Have a Dream”； which inspired people of all races to fight for equality。 The following year； King received the Nobel Prize for Peace。 In the same year； a new Civil Rights Act was passed and in 1965 a new Voting Rights Bill became law。 From then on； all black people had the right to vote。
Martin Luther King； Jr was murdered in 1968。 However； his struggle had already changed the whole of society in the USA。Soon after his death； black people started enjoying the rights they had waited and fought for so long。
1963年的夏天，马丁·路德·金在美国首都华盛顿面对几千个游行示威的黑人发表了一个演讲。
他的演讲—“我有一个梦想”—使得他闻名全世界。当时，南方各州的黑人都受到不公正的待遇。尽管在1865年，也就是将近一百年前，美国就结束了奴隶制度，南方却仍然还有自己的法律将黑人和白人隔离开。法律禁止种族通婚。商店、饭馆、医院、公共汽车、火车都有为黑人而设的隔离区。通常旅馆、学校和图书馆根本不允许黑人进入。黑人孩子在单独的学校里接受教育，南部诸州的黑人也没有选举权。
金为了美国黑人的政治权利而斗争。通过斗争，他给全世界其他的人树立了榜样。 他认为黑人不应该被隔离而应该和其他人一样受到尊重。
金出生于1929年，他在十五岁时就上了大学。他获得了奖学金，这使他争取到了去北方的一个州上大学的机会，那里的黑人都享有平等的权利，他们可以自由地生活，学习和做他们想做的工作。他毕生都认为要是人们享受不到民权，那么改变社会是正确的并且也很有必要。金相信他能够通过和平而不是暴力的方式达到这一目标。
1955年11月1日，一位黑人妇女，骆莎·帕克斯在阿拉巴马州上了公共汽车并坐在了“白人区”里。她拒绝为一位白人男士让座而被警察逮捕。金领导了抵制公交公司的运动。381天里，黑人都拒绝乘坐城市公共汽车。最后，首都政府的律师发表声明说公交公司把黑人同白人分开是错误的。这次斗争的胜利使金受到了全国人的关注。他又领导了许多非暴力示威活动来反对种族歧视和对越作战，其间，他自己经常被打或被警方逮捕。
其中的一次就发生在阿拉巴马的伯明翰。伯明翰的黑人的住房条件非常糟糕，而且也很难找到工作。金在监狱里写了一封非常重要的信。
他写到“我们等自己的权力都等了340年了；让我们再等下去已经很难了；也几乎就是不可能。”就在1963年的华盛顿游行示威中他发表的演讲“我有一个梦想”，—它鼓励各种族的人为平等的权利而战。几年后，金获得了诺贝尔和平奖。同年，一项新的民权法被通过， 1965年一项新的选举权法案（被通过而）上升为法律。从那以后，所有的黑人都有了选举权。
1968年，马丁·路德·金被谋杀。然而他领导的斗争已经改变了整个美国社会。他死后不久，黑人们就开始享用他们为之等待和奋斗了多年的权利。
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1。At that time in the southern states； blacks were not treated as equal citizens。
当时，南方各州的黑人都没有受到公平对待。
（1） black在此句中作名词，表示“黑人”。还可用the black； blacks来表示。
（2） treat sb。 as意为“把某人看作；怎样看待某人”。
I treat her as my sister。 我把她当作我的姐姐。
The students treated their headmaster as their mother。学生们把他们的校长看成他们的妈妈。
2。Mixed race marriages were forbidden by law。 法律禁止种族通婚。
mixed race marriages= marriages between person of different races。 异族通婚
3。There were separate sections for blacks in shops； restaurants； hospitals； and on buses and trains。 商店、饭馆、医院、公共汽车、火车都有为黑人而设的隔离区。
separate此处为形容词，表示“单独的；区别的；不同的；分开的”的意思。
They have gone to separate places。 他们去了各不相同的地方。
The children sleep in separate beds。 孩子们分别睡在各自的床上。
separate也可用作动词，表示“分开；离开；隔开”之意， separate A from B表示“把A和B分开”；separate A into B and C表示“把A分成B和C”。
The two children separated at the end of the road。两个孩子在路的尽头分手了。
A fence separated the cow from the pig。 围栏把奶牛和猪分开。
The leader separated the group into three teams。领导把那群人分成三个小队。
4。King fought for political rights for black people in the USA。金为美国黑人的政治权利而斗争。
fight for表示“为……而战”，fight against表示“反对……而战”，fight with sb。 for/about sth。表示“因某事跟某人打架”。
People often have to fight for their liberty。人们往往不得不为自由而战。
He always fights with his wife for/ about who will take after the children。
他与他妻子总是在为由谁来照看孩子而吵架。
They are fighting against water pollution。他们为反对水污染而战。
5。By doing this he set an example to the rest of the world。 通过斗争，他给全世界的人们树立了榜样。
set an example to=give an example to为固定短语，表示“为……树立榜样”。由example构成的其他短语有：
copy the example of=follow the example of学习…的榜样，照…的样子；
for example例如； as an example （= give an example）例如，举例来说
6。All his life he believed that it was right and necessary to demand changes in society if people did not have their civil rights。他毕生都认为要是人们得不到民权那么改变社会是正确的并且也很有必要。
demand动词，表示“要求；请求；需求；需要”之意。后可跟名词，动词不定式和宾语从句，跟宾语时，从句的谓语动词应该为（should） ＋动词原形。
I demanded an answer of him。 我要求他答复。
I demand that John （should） go there at once。我要约翰马上去那儿。
This work demands your patience。这项工作需要你的耐心。
demand也可做名词，表示“要求；请求；需求；需要”。
It is impossible to satisfy all demands。要满足所有的要求是不可能的。
Teachers are in great demand in this area。在这个地区很需要教师。
7。Housing conditions for blacks in Birmingham were bad and…黑人的住房条件非常差，……
housing名词意为“供给住房；住房，房屋分配”。
What are housing conditions like in your town now？ 你们城镇的住房条件现在怎么样？
In most of the developing countries too many people are living in bad housing。
在大多数发展中国家；许多人的居住条件很差。
8。From then on； all black people had the right to vote。 从那以后，所有黑人都有了选举权。
（1）from then on=since then为“从那时开始”之意。一般跟完成时态。
From then on； the naughty boy has never made any mistakes again
从那是开始，那个调皮的男孩子就再也没犯过错。
All of them have become good friends from then on。 从那时开始，他们都成了好朋友。
（2）“have right to do…”意为有权利做……，right为名词，表示“权力，正确的事”。
we must work for equal rights for everyone。 我们必须为每个人争取同等的权利。
You must learn to how to tell the rights and the wrongs。 你必须学会明辨是非。
Unit 15 DestinationsStudent AStudent B 学生A学生B
You are a passenger。 You are upset You represent theairline。 Listen to the
你是位乘客。你对糟糕的服务你代表本次航班。听这位
about the poor service。passengers complaints。 You may
很不满。旅�