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(45)得到工作了?那就考核公司吧。当一位雇用者把工作给你时,他不仅仅给了你一个职位和一份工资合同——在雇用过程中,他也把他的部分控制权交给了你。'D'“面试时,雇用者掌握着这份工作以及随之而来的权力,”科科迪洛斯说。“但是,一旦把工作交出,他便把那份权力也交给了求职者。在那种情况下,很少有人意识到他们拥有这种权力。下一步你该研究如何改变这份工作来达到你的目标,并对公司进行全面考核。”
一旦你得到那份工作,科科迪洛斯说:“你就有权力决定是否有意去那家公司并以什么条件接受雇用。”
Sample Four
篇章导读
本文从一张来自父母的账单引入话题,暗示有意义的文档保存的话题。之后从个人档案管理和国家档案管理两个方面说明了信息过载的问题。随后提出了“顺其自然”的观点。
思路解析
41【答案】'F'
【解析】本题的选择可以至少从以下三个角度考虑。其一;从本语段话题角度来看,选项中的“tactics(策略)”概念为原文“strategy”、“policy”等概念的归纳。其二,从分析性思维的角度来看,本段作者着重谈论了不同的人对于文件的收集有不同的看法。其三,本语段承接了上文所引出的关于档案管理的话题。
42【答案】'A'
【解析】本题的选择可以至少从以下三个角度考虑。其一;从本语段话题角度来看,选项中的“personal and familial archival collection”概念为原文“household level archivist”、“everything that is personal and familiar”等概念的归纳。其二,从态度分析的角度来看,本段作者着重谈论了自己对于档案管理的热情并给予例证。其三,本语段承接了上段的策略问题,即作者自己的做法。
43【答案】'D'
【解析】本题的选择可以至少从以下三个角度考虑。其一;从本语段话题角度来看,选项中的“explosion(剧增)”概念为原文“exceeding”、“information overload”、“overabundant”等概念的归纳。其二,从分析性思维的角度来看,本段作者着重谈论了国家档案收集过快的问题。注意本段不能选择选项'C'。其三,本语段与上段构成了对比逻辑关系。
44【答案】'C'
【解析】本题的选择可以至少从以下三个角度考虑。其一;从本语段话题角度来看,选项中的“trivial personal documents”概念为原文“lifetime documentary output”等概念的归纳。其二,从分析性思维的角度来看,本段作者着重谈论了国家档案中存在过多的太过于细节化的文件。其三,本语段承接了上文所引出的关于档案过多的话题。
45【答案】'E'
【解析】本题的选择可以至少从以下三个角度考虑。其一;从本语段话题角度来看,本选项主要谈论的是应该如何正确对待文件和档案的策略。选项'E'表达了此意。其二,从态度分析的角度来看,本段作者使用了疑问句提出了对于档案的策略应该是什么?之后提出了自己的观点。其三,本语段内使用的是对比的逻辑。此外注意最后两个自然段之间话题的一致性和语义的连贯性。
参考译文
(1)几年前的一个上午,我收到父母的一封邮件,里面有一张1952年纽罗彻利医院在为我接生后开据的账单。在整理地下室和阁楼的东西时,那张账单出现在一堆宝贝纸箱中。在我小的时候,家里满满地塞有很多这样的纸箱。账单上,五天的住院费(包含药费和电话费)共达187。86美元。这么低的费用确实使我吃了一惊。但是还有让我吃惊的其他事情:几十年来,我们家积累下那么多的文件,在仔细看过以后,我父母认为唯一有保存意义的就是那张接生费用账单。
(2)在人生的某个阶段,大多数人会认识到在现代生活中不可避免地要确定保存个人文献的策略,因为人们必须对不同的文献加以区别对待。对小孩的绘画和卡片怎么办?对私人信件和杂志剪贴该如何处理?人们为每个这样的问题都想出了答案,但我怀疑这些答案往往错在多多益善上,更多保存的是无用的文件。正如一位考古学家所言,几乎每个人都在保管或“馆藏”《全国地理》杂志。这就是为什么这份杂志在垃圾场里很少会单本出现,而是一叠叠地被人们发现的原因。在收藏者死亡或搬迁之后,整个这套收藏品就被丢弃了。
(3)我一度突发收藏的兴致,成了一个不折不扣的家庭档案保管员。虽然我不是那种被公共卫生机关隔几年就检点一次的人,可我狭窄的过道里还是堆满了整齐地捆扎好的一叠叠报纸。我确实想保存个人和家庭的所有物品,甚至用一些更具有公众性质的古怪东西来补充我的私人档案库,例如托马列斯·纳斯特电话卡和金·菲尔比版本的《厨艺之乐》。
(4)然而,我不禁要问,全国档案的收藏量是不是正以超出人们理解的速度增加着呢?很多观察家引用“信息超载”这个名词,好像这个问题是最近才有,主要是计算机产生的结果。事实上,如何保存过多的档案,这是一个至少有几千年历史的古老问题。当资料匮乏的时候,研究历史的人肯定会感到头疼;但不难想到原始资料无比丰富时,一个截然不同的问题会随之出现。
(5)且不说评价整整一个时代所须付出的艰辛劳动,单看一看保存一个杰出人物的生平档案所须的体力精力就够了。本杰明·狄斯累利写的东西全部保存了下来,小到一封像如今的电子邮件那样的短信:“亲爱的,我会在今晚7:30回家吃饭。狄斯草。”伍德罗·威尔逊留下了这么多资料,以至于历史学家阿瑟·S·林克毕其一生都在普林斯顿大学注释威尔逊的私人文件,并结集出版,共达六十九卷。
(6)把某些档案馆当作新的“古土墩”荒谬吗?“古土墩”是由历代城市废墟一层层地堆积而成的,在中东随处可见,藏有千万年来人类历史的考古资料。无数的“古土墩”里,只有屈指可数的几座得到了系统的发掘。即使单单想弄清楚这几个“古土墩”里藏有什么,不花几个世纪,也得用几十年。
(7)请不要误解我。我决不是主张放弃什么。人们很难预知,什么样的资料会有趣味或重要性,什么样的资料应当干脆束之高阁。然而信息毕竟还是有自己的天敌,有时候,也许顺其自然反倒是最佳方式。
模拟考场十套模拟考场 (二)
Section ⅠUse of English
Directions:Read the following text。 Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A; B; C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。 (10 points)
If it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementary science to everyone on a mass basis or to find the gifted few and take them as far as they can go; our task would be fairly simple。 The public school system; however; has no such 1 ; 2 the jobs must be carried 3 at the same time。 Because we depend so 4 upon science and technology for our 5; we must produce specialists in many fields。 6 we live in a 7 nation; whose citizens make the policies for the nation; large numbers of us must be educated to understand; to uphold; and 8 necessary; to judge the work of 9。 The public school must educate both producers and 10 of scientific services。
In education; there should be a good balance 11 the branches of 12 that contribute to effective thinking and 13 judgment。 Such balance is defeated by 14 much emphasis on any one field。 This 15 of balance involves not only the 16 of the natural sciences; the social sciences and the arts but also relative emphasis among the natural sciences themselves。
17; we must have a balance between current and 18 knowledge。 The attention of the public is continually drawn to new 19 in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge; these should not be allowed to turn our attention away from the sound; established materials that form the basis of 20 for beginners。
1。'A' entity 'B' auction 'C' choice 'D' coalition
2。'A' whereas 'B' though 'C' while 'D' for
3。'A' off 'B' forward 'C' away 'D' on
4。'A' substantially 'B' heavily 'C' equally 'D' misleadingly
5。'A' stimulation 'B' shift 'C' progress 'D' glamour
6。'A' If 'B' Although 'C' Because 'D' Supposing
7。'A' prosperous 'B' democratic 'C' literate 'D' thriving
8。'A' unless 'B' in case 'C' when 'D' only
9。'A' experts 'B' populace 'C' voters 'D' mob
10。'A' subscribers 'B' users 'C' passers…by 'D' victims
11。'A' amid 'B' between 'C' upon 'D' among
12。'A' knowledge 'B' data 'C' intelligence 'D' quest
13。'A' fair 'B' wise 'C' risky 'D' proper
14。'A' too 'B' fairly 'C' very 'D' rather
15。'A' incident 'B' question 'C' inference 'D' impact
16。'A' reaction 'B' cooperation 'C' interaction 'D' relation
17。'A' Conversely 'B' Similarly 'C' Accordingly 'D' Presumably
18。'A' primitive 'B' ultimate 'C' classical 'D' initial
19。'A' possibilities 'B' capabilities 'C' abilities 'D' responsibilities
20。'A' grounds 'B' courses 'C' doctrines 'D' quotas
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions: Reading the following four texts。 Answer the questions below each text by choosing A; B; C or D。 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1。 (40 points)
Text 1
In the next century we’ll be able to alter our DNA radically; encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life…forms。 When Dr。 Frankenstein made his monster; he wrestled with the moral issue of whether he should allow it to reproduce; “Had I the right; for my own benefit; to inflict the curse upon everlasting generations?” Will such questions require us to develop new moral philosophies?
Probably not。 Instead; we’ll reach again for a timetested moral concept; one sometimes called the Golden Rule and which Kant; the millennium’s most prudent moralist; conjured up into a categorical imperative: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you; treat each person as an individual rather than as a means to some end。
Under this moral precept we should recoil at human cloning; because it inevitably entails using humans as means to other humans’ ends and valuing them as copies of others we loved or as collections of body parts; not as individuals in their own right。 We should also draw a line; however fuzzy; that would permit using genetic engineering to cure diseases and disabilities but not to change the personal attributes that make someone an individual (IQ; physical appearance; gender and sexuality)。
The biotech age will also give us more reason to guard our personal privacy。 Aldous Huxley in Brave New World; got it wrong: rather than centralizing power in the hands of the state; DNA technology has empowered individuals and families。 But the state will have an important role; making sure that no one; including insurance companies; can look at our genetic data without our permission or use it to discriminate against us。
Then we can get ready for the breakthroughs that could come at the end of the next century and the technology is comparable to mapping our genes: plotting the 10 billion or more neurons of our brain。 With that information we might someday be able to create artificial intelligences that think and experience consciousness in ways that are indistinguishable from a human brain。 Eventually we might be able to replicate our own minds in a “dryware” machine; so that we could live on without the “wetware” of a biological brain and body。 The 20th century’s revolution in infotechnology will thereby merge with the 21st century’s revolution in biotechnology。 But this is science fiction。 Let’s turn the page now and get back to real science。
21。Dr。 Frankenstein’s remarks are mentioned in the text
'A' to give an episode of the DNA technological breakthroughs。
'B' to highlight the importance of a means to some everlasting ends。
'C' to show how he created a new form of life a thousand years ago。
'D' to introduce the topic of moral philosophies incurred in biotechnology。
22。It can be concluded from the text that the technology of human cloning should be employed
'A' excessively and extravagantly。 'B' reasonably and cautiously。
'C' aggressively and indiscriminately。 'D' openly and enthusiastically。
23。From the text; we learn that Aldous Huxley is of the opinion that
'A' DNA technology should be placed in the charge of individuals。
'B' government should assume less control over individuals。
'C' people need government to protect their DNA information。
'D' old moral precepts should be abolished on human cloning。
24。Judged from the information in the last paragraph; we can predict that the author is likely to write which of the following in the next section?
'A' The reflection upon biotechnological morality。
'B' The offensive invasion of our personal privacy。
'C' The inevitable change of IQs for our descendants。
'D' The present state of biotechnological research。
25。According to the last paragraph; “dry…ware” is to “wet…ware” as
'A' “collective” to “individual”。 'B' “fictional” to “factual”。
'C' “mechanical” to “corporeal”。 'D' “temporary” to “permanent”。
Text 2
Before a big exam; a sound night’s sleep will do you more good than poring over textbooks。 That; at least; is the folk wisdom。 And science; in the form of behavioral psychology; su