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D） by winning the trust of the elderly to promote their own interests
3。 Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market？
A） Retirees are more generous in spending money。
B） They can employ more gerontologists。
C） The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power。
D） There are more elderly people working than before。
4。 Who can make big money in the new century acomording to the passage？
A） Retirees who are business…minded。
B） The volunteer workers in retirement homes。
C） College graduates with an MBA or law degree。
D） Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology。
5。 It can be seen from the passage that the expansion of America’s elderly population 。
A） will provide good job opportunities in many areas
B） will impose an unbearable burden on society
C） may lead to nursing home abuse and age discrimination
D） will create new fields of study in universities
老师在出迷惑选项时会有如下四种错误方式：
图2
第一步我们浏览文章，找到文章中心和每段大意。
第二步同学们把题干中的关键词划线，然后就可以知道第1题应从头两句中找到答案，第2题应在第二段的第一句话找，第3题在第二段的第二句话找答案，第4题接着读第二段就可以，而最后一题为主旨题。
第三步具体做题。
1．【答案解析】B。我们通过头两句话可以知道答案。A）选项犯了二类错误，文中提到美国老年人越来越多，但这只是一个事实，不是作者的主题；C）选项犯了一类错误，文中根本没有提到美国校园里有越来越多的老年教授；D）选项也犯了一类错误，并没有提到美国大学认识到招收老年学生的必要性。
2．【答案解析】A。第二段的第一句话意思是“律师可以专业于‘老年人法’，‘老年人法’包括了从信托到资产，从养老院虐待到年龄歧视的各种事情”。从这句话可知答案）。本题中的B）选项迷惑性最大，“律师可以从给老年人提供特殊服务中得益”。仔细分析，这个选项犯了三类错误，因为它的范围超出了原文，原文只是说了“老年人法”，而“特殊服务”的范畴比它大得多。C）容易排除，为一类错误。D）选项中的“trust”一词意思为“信任”，和原文中的“信托”并不是同一个意思，注意不要被出题老师迷惑。
3．【答案解析】C。第二段的第二句话说“商人在老年人市场看到巨大的机会，因为七千四百多万生育高峰时期出生的人口很可能是人类历史上最富有的一群退休者。”故答案为C），“老年人拥有巨大的购买力”。其中B）和D）容易排除，均为一类错误，无关选项。但很多同学会把A）误选为正确答案，这些同学的主观性太强。A）说“退休者花钱更大方”，是对原文进行的过分引申：有钱不一定就花钱大方。
4．【答案解析】D。第二段最后一句话引用一位教授的话说明老年学的重要性。“任何学生如果把老年学的专业知识和比如工商管理硕士或法学位结合起来就有了印钱的执照”。本句话用一个比喻说明了这类学生可以挣大钱。故答案为D），“有老年学知识的职业人士”。此处“职业人士”即指“商人或律师等”，与原文完全吻合。本题A）和B）选项容易排除，为一类错误。但C）迷惑性很大。C）说“有工商管理硕士或法学位的大学毕业生”，只说出了原文的一个方面，但“大学毕业生”的范畴远大于“有老年学专业知识的学生”，所以犯了三类错误。
5．【答案解析】A。本题为主旨题。美国老年人口的增加会在很多领域提供很好的工作机会。B）过于夸大了老年人对社会造成的负担，为二类错误。C）选项只是现象，并不是结果，为二类错误。D）选项为一类错误，无关选项。
经过了如此细致的分析，第四步检查时就可以很快完成了。
【文章大意】
对越来越多的美国大学生来说，老年学突然时髦起来。理由很明显：美国的人口老龄化意味一些就业机会。随着生育高峰一代的老龄化，人的寿命延长就意味着全国老年人口在今后50年内必然有相当大的增长。到2050年，65岁以上的美国人将从1995年的14％增长到25％。当然，这种变化给政府和社会提出一些深刻的问题。但是这也在医药卫生界以及法律和商业界创造了就业机会。南加利弗尼亚大学老年学学院的爱德华·施奈德教授说：“除了大夫，我们将迫切需要有更多的社会学家、生物学家、城市规划人员和专业律师。”
律师可以成为“老年人法”专家，“老年人法”涉及从财产委托、房地产到敬老院虐待和年龄歧视等所有方面。商人在老年人市场看到巨大的商机，因为生育高峰期人数高达七千四百万的人口很可能将成为人类历史上最富有的退休群体。一位教授说：“任何学生只要有老年学的专门知识，又有一个学位，例如工商管理硕士或法律学位，就如同有印制钞票的许可证一般。”
玛格丽特·桑托斯是南加利弗尼亚大学的一名21岁的四年级学生。她上大学时是个生物学专业的学生，但是她发现自己“实在厌烦细菌”。所以在她上了一堂老年学课程后，发现很喜欢这门课程。她说：“我在退休老人福利院做志愿者，这使我非常满意。”
有的时候选项出得非常有迷惑性，同学们可能分析很长时间也难以找到正确答案，那么就需要用到上面的“双圆法”来帮助自己分析。请读下面这篇文章：
The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise（有氧操）。 Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize（获利）on this emerging interest in fitness； particularly aerobic dancing for females。 A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement； even a national chain with spas in most major cities。 However their focus was not on aerobics； but rather on weight…training programs designed to develop muscular mass； strength； and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts。 These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health； since medical opinion suggested that weight…training programs offered few； if any； health benefits。 In recent years； however； weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females。 Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well。
Historically； most physical…fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance； not for health…related reasons； but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics。 However； in recent years； evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well。 The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans。 Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000： National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives。
并读下面这个问题：
38。 What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement？
A） Positive。 B） Indifferent。 C） Negative。 D） Cautious。
我们知道任何问题的正确答案必然在原文中有直接或间接的出处。本题的出处是这句话：
These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health； since medical opinion suggested that weight…training programs offered few； if any； health benefits。
很多同学看到原文中的“few health benefits”就毫不犹豫地选了C） Negative。“医生对于力量训练对提高健康状况的作用持否定意见。”但要知道“few”虽然是一个表示否定意义的词：“没有几个”，但实际上还是“有一两个”的，所以原文的意思是“这些健身中心看起来并没有从有氧健身中获得多大收益，因为医学上给出的建议是力量训练即使是对健康有益，那也是很少的。”归根到底还是有好处的，所以正确的答案是D） Cautious。医生的态度是“谨慎的”。C）是二类错误：与原文有一些联系，但重合度不足。
It came as something of a surprise when Diana； Princess of Wales； made a trip to Angola in 1997； to support the Red Cross’s campaign for a total ban on all anti…personnel landmines。 Within hours of arriving in Angola； television screens around the world were filled with images of her comforting victims injured in explosions caused by landmines。 “I knew the statistics；” she said。 “But putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me； like when I met Sandra； a 13…year…old girl who had lost her leg； and people like her。”
The Princess concluded with a simple message： “We must stop landmines”。 And she used every opportunity during her visit to repeat this message。
But； back in London； her views were not shared by some members of the British government； which refused to support a ban on these weapons。 Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press。 They described her as “very ill…informed” and a “loose cannon（乱放炮的人）。”
The Princess responded by brushing aside the criticisms： “This is a distraction（干扰）we do not need。 All I’m trying to do is help。”
Opposition parties； the media and the public immediately voiced their support for the Princess。 To make matters worse for the government； it soon emerged that the Princess’s trip had been approved by the Foreign Office； and that she was in fact very well…informed about both the situation in Angola and the British government’s policy regarding landmines。 The result was a severe embarrassment for the government。
To try and limit the damage； the Foreign Secretary； Malcolm Rifkind； claimed that the Princess’s views on landmines were not very different from government policy； and that it was “working towards” a worldwide ban。 The Defence Secretary； Michael Portillo； claimed the matter was “a misinterpretation or misunderstanding。”
For the Princess； the trip to this war…torn country was an excellent opportunity to use her popularity to show the world how much destruction and suffering landmines can cause。 She said that the experience had also given her the chance to get closer to people and their problems。
21。 Princess Diana paid a visit to Angola in 1997 。
A）to clarify the British government’s stand on landmines
B） to establish her image as a friend of landmine victims
C） to investigate the sufferings of landmine victims there
D） to voice her support for a total ban of landmines
22。 What did Diana mean when she said “。。。 putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me” （Line 5； Para。 1）？
A） Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics。
B） She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to face。
C） The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home。
D） Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation。
23。 Some members of the British government criticized Diana because 。
A） she had not consulted the government before the visit
B） she was ill…informed of the government’s policy
C） they were actually opposed to banning landmines
D） they believed that she had misinterpreted the situation in Angola
24。 How did Diana respond to the criticisms？
A） She made more appearances on TV。
B） She paid no attention to them。
C） She rose to argue with her opponents。
D） She met the 13…year…old girl as planned。
25。 What did Princess Diana think of her visit to Angola？
A） It had caused embarrassment to the British government。
B） It had greatly promoted her popularity。
C） It had brought her closer to the ordinary people。
D） It had affected her relations with the British government。
【文章大意】
1997年，威尔士王妃戴安娜出访安哥拉，支持国际红十字会关于全面废除杀伤性地雷这一事件在当时引起了轰动。在到达安哥拉的几个小时内，全世界的电视屏幕都出现了她慰问地雷爆炸受害者的身影。王妃说：“我知道这些统计数据，但面对那些面孔，使我更身临其境。比如说我碰到了一名叫桑德拉的13岁的小女孩，她失去了一条腿，还有很多这样的人们。”
王妃把它总结为简单的一句话：“我们必须废除地雷。”她在访问中利用每一次机会来重复这句话。
但回到伦敦后，她的观点受到了一些拒绝废除地雷的英政府成员的反对。愤怒的政客们在媒体上抨击王妃，把她形容为“见识短浅的”和“乱放炮的人”。
王妃以漠视来回应这些批评：“这是一种不必要的干扰。我所要做的就是帮助别人。”
反对党、媒体和公众都对王妃表示了支持。对政府来说，更糟的是不久以后，事实表明王妃的行程已被外交部批准，实际上她是非常了解安哥拉的状况和英国政府对地雷的政策方针的。这一结果令英国政府非常尴尬。
为了消除这一不良影响�